Pasting my own dogfood, part 2 (09 Apr 2006)

Yesterday, I introduced the problem of how to automatically test Windows clipboard code in applications. The idea is to move from manual and error-prone clickety-click style testing to an automatic process which produces reliable results.

Unbeknownst to many, Windows ships with a fairly interesting tool called the ClipBook Viewer (clipbrd.exe), which monitors what the clipboard contains, and will even display the formats it knows about.

This is quite helpful while developing and debugging clipboard code. However, ClipBook Viewer can even help with test automation since it can save the current clipboard contents to *.CLP files and load them back into the clipboard later.

Which, in fact, is almost all we need to thoroughly and reliably test clipboard code: We run some apps which produce a good variety of clipboard formats which our own application needs to deal with. We select some data, copy them to the clipboard, then save the clipboard contents as a *.CLP file from ClipBook Viewer.

Once we have created a reasonably-sized clipboard file library, we run ClipBook viewer and load each one of those clipboard files in turn. After loading, we switch to our own app, paste the data and check whether the incoming data makes sense to us. Not bad at all!

But alas, I could not find a way to automate the ClipBook Viewer via the command-line or COM interfaces. If someone knows about such interfaces, I'm certainly most interested to hear about them.

Luck would have it that only recently, I blogged about poor man's automation via SendKeys. The idea is to write a small shell script which runs the target application (here: clipbrd.exe), and then simulate how a user presses keys to use the application.

clipbrd.exe can be started with the name of a *.CLP file in its command line, and will then automatically load this file. However, before it pushes the contents of the file to clipboard, it will ask the user for confirmation in a message box. Well, in fact, first it will try to establish NetDDE connections, and will usually waste quite a bit of time for this. The following script tries to take this into account:

Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
WshShell.Run("clipbrd.exe c:\temp\clip.CLP")
WScript.Sleep 5000 ' Wait for "Clear clipboard (yes/no)?" mesage box
WshShell.SendKeys "{ENTER}"

Now we could add some more scripting glue code to control our own application, have it execute its "Paste" functionality and verify that the data arrives in all its expected glory.

The above code is not quite that useful if we need to run a set of tests in a loop; the following modified version is better suited for that purpose. It assumes that all *.CLP files are stored in c:\temp\clipfiles.

Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
WshShell.Run("clipbrd.exe")
WScript.Sleep 20000

startFolder="c:\temp\clipfiles"
set folder=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").GetFolder(startFolder)
for each file in folder.files
  WScript.Echo "Now testing " & file.Path
  OpenClipFile(file.Path)
  ' Add here:
  ' - Activate application under test
  ' - Have it paste data from the clipboard
  ' - Verify that the data comes in as expected
next

' Close clipbrd.exe
WshShell.AppActivate("ClipBook Viewer")
WshShell.SendKeys "%F"
WScript.Sleep 1000
WshShell.SendKeys "x"

Sub OpenClipFile(filename)
  WshShell.AppActivate("ClipBook Viewer")
  WshShell.SendKeys "%W"  ' ALT-W for Windows menu
  WScript.Sleep 500
  WshShell.SendKeys "1"   ' Activate Clipboard window
  WScript.Sleep 500
  WshShell.SendKeys "%F"  ' ALT-F for File menu
  WScript.Sleep 1000
  WshShell.SendKeys "O"
  WScript.Sleep 1000
  WshShell.SendKeys filenam9e
  WScript.Sleep 1000
  WshShell.SendKeys "{ENTER}"
  WScript.Sleep 1000  ' Wait for "Clear clipboard (yes/no)?"
  WshShell.SendKeys "{ENTER}"
End Sub

I'm sure a VBscript hacker could tidy this up considerably and use it to form a complete test suite. However, while this approach finally gives us some degree of automation, it is still lacking in several ways:

• The format for the *.CLP file is undocumented, so we cannot add clipboard data of our own, unless we first copy it to the clipboard, then save it from there using ClipBook Viewer.
• Automation via sending keys is a very brittle approach. For instance, the above code was written for the English version of clipbrd.exe. The German or French or Lithuanian versions of clipbrd.exe might have completely different keyboard shortcuts.
• I shudder when looking at those magic delay time values which the code is ridden with - what if we run on a really slow system? On a system which has even more networking problems than the one which I tested the code with?
• Any process (or user) stealing the window focus while the test is running will break the test.

Hence, next time: Look Ma, no SendKeys!

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